From wilderness to metropolis, the development of Arizona is closely linked to its diverse environment. Through trapping, ranching, mining, lumbering, and agricultural industries, Arizona’s environment has not only shaped the direction of development, but has been shaped in return. This talk will cover how natural resources and geography have influenced settlement, land-use, and economic growth. We'll explore Arizona’s natural history, Indigenous land-use and stewardship, Spanish and Mexican occupation, and extractive industries.  

Presenter Ciaran Doherty grew up in Flagstaff and graduated from NAU with a Master's degree in History with an emphasis in Forestry and Rangeland. He also has a B.S. in History from NAU with minors in Anthropology and Religious Studies. His Master's project was entitled "Northern Arizona's Environment and Industry." He presented this project at the 2025 Arizona History Convention, highlighting the historic ranching and lumber industries that forever changed Flagstaff and northern Arizona's landscape.